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Iowa Core

Grades 9-12

Civic Literacy

NOTE: The Essential Concepts and Skills listed in Social Studies - Political Science/Civic Literacy are the same as the Essential Concepts and Skills listed in 21st Century - Civic Literacy

Political science is the study of power and authority through the examination of political processes, governmental institutions, and human behavior in a civil society. In this context the study of civics is understood to include the form and function of government. Civic literacy encompasses civics but also addresses the individual's social and political participation.

Essential Concepts and/or Skills

  • Understand rights, roles and status of the individual in relation to the general welfare.
  • Understand issues regarding personal, political, and economic rights.
  • Understand what is meant by the "scope and limits" of a right.
  • Understand participation in civic and political life can help bring about the attainment of individual and public goals.
  • Understand the functions of political leadership and why leadership is a vital necessity in a democracy.
  • Understand the importance of voluntarism as a characteristic of American society.

  • Understand the essential ideas of American government that are expressed in the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and other documents.
  • Understand the concepts of constitutional government as fundamental principles of American democracy.
  • Understand the essential characteristics of limited and unlimited governments.
  • Understand the basic concepts of a federal system of government.
  • Understand values such as individual rights, the common good, self government, justice, equality, diversity, openness and free inquiry, truth, patriotism are fundamental to American public life.
  • Understand the type of citizenry needed to establish and maintain constitutional government.

  • Understand the primary responsibilities of each branch of government in a system of shared powers (legislative, executive, judicial) and ways in which each branch shares the powers and functions of the other branches.
  • Understand how the legislative, executive, and judicial branches use checks and balances.

  • Understand the relationship between state and local governments and the national government.
  • Understand the powers and responsibilities of local, state and national governments.

  • Understand the concept of civic responsibility.
  • Understand the importance of political leadership, public service, and a knowledgeable citizenry in American democracy.
  • Understand the concept of political leadership in the student’s own school, community, state, and the nation.

  • Understand the concept of public policy.
  • Understand the sources, purposes, and functions of law, and the importance of the rule of law for the protection of individual rights and the common good.

  • Understand constitutions protect individual rights and promote the common good.
  • Understand the essential characteristics of limited and unlimited governments.

  • Understand conditions, actions and motivations that contribute to conflict and cooperation within and among nations.
  • Understand current foreign policy issues and the means the United States is using to deal with them.

 

Employability Skills

The vision statement developed by the Iowa Core Curriculum 21st Century Skills Committee states: Each Iowa student will have the academic and social skills as well as the personal characteristics that empower them to be productive, caring, and competent citizens. This is consistent with the view that good employees may not be good citizens but good citizens always make good employees.

The employability essential concepts and skill sets represent universal content. They (1) contribute to outcomes that are valued for individuals and for society; (2) bring benefits in a wide variety of contexts and apply to multiple areas of life; and (3) are of use to all individuals, deemphasizing competencies of use only in a specific trade, occupation or walk of life. (OECD, 2005*).

Employers are demanding that employees demonstrate the skills to work productively in teams, communicate effectively, think innovatively and solve problems creatively. An overwhelming number of students leave their educational experience unprepared for the world of work. The employability concepts connect content and those dispositions required for success in life beyond school.

According to the Partnership for 21st Century Skills, “…academic and cognitive skills, as essential as they are, are not all that is necessary for a successful life. In our global technological age, young people also need to work with and learn from diverse groups, be flexible in a variety of work and social settings, and be adaptable to changing times. They need to demonstrate leadership and take responsibility for results, show initiative and resourcefulness, and be productive and accountable for their actions.”

Integration of these critical skills across curricular areas will allow students to make the transition from the classroom to their roles as citizens and workers in an increasingly complex and unknown global market. The availability of a knowledgeable and skilled citizenry will enhance the quality of life and result in a profitable economy for Iowa, our nation, and our world.

*The Definition and Selection of Key Competencies, or the DeSeCo, Project. Overview. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2005

Essential Concepts and/or Skills

Work appropriately and productively with others

  • Set goals
  • Effectively communicate with group and stakeholders
  • Demonstrate respectful behavior to group member ideas and opinions
  • Manage and resolve conflict when appropriate
  • Lead or support when appropriate
  • Determine people's strengths and assign roles accordingly
  • Contribute to a team by sharing information and expertise
  • Agree to disagree in a respectful manner in a group dynamic
  • Collaborate effectively with other teams/team members toward a common goal
  • Recognize own and other's good efforts

Use different perspectives to increase innovation and the quality of work

  • Gather input from all group members
  • Capitalize on the diversity of group members
  • Accept and provide feedback in a constructive and considerate manner

Use all the appropriate principles of communication effectively

  • Listen to understand and appreciate the points of view of others
  • Listen for comprehension
  • Listen for decision making
  • Process information in order to make an informed decision
  • Ask appropriate questions in seeking clarification
  • Read, understand and create information presented in a variety of forms (e.g. words, charts, graphs, diagrams)
  • Follow directions
  • Express thoughts and ideas clearly and succinctly
  • Use appropriate technology to communicate
  • Use appropriate channels of communication (written, verbal, technical, visual)

Adapt to varied roles, responsibilities, and expectations

  • Work independently or as a part of a team
  • Learn from mistakes and accept feedback
  • Carry out multiple tasks or projects
  • Continuously monitor the success of a project or task
  • Identify ways to improve project or task
  • Consider multiple perspectives and represents a problem in more than one way
  • Accept others; tolerant of differences

Work effectively in a climate of ambiguity and changing priorities

  • Cope with uncertainty; quickly and calmly change focus and goals as the situation requires
  • Demonstrate a sense of comfort with lack of structure
  • Remain composed and focused, even under stress
  • Adapt to changing requirements and information
  • Respond openly and constructively to change
  • Approach conflict from win-win perspective

Demonstrate appropriate risk-taking

  • Provides innovative and resourceful engagement
  • Identifies and suggests alternative ways to achieve goals
  • Asks "what if"
  • Brainstorms effectively
  • Questions assumptions in a non-confrontational manner

Use interpersonal skills to influence and guide others toward a goal

  • Positively support the work of others
  • Facilitate and delegate responsibilities to best accomplish goal(s)
  • Build relationships
  • Engage in the tasks to accomplish goal
  • Know when to listen and when to speak-up
  • Maintain an open mind
  • Provide constructive feedback

Leverage the strengths of others to accomplish a common goal

  • Communicate effectively
  • Collaborate effectively
  • Appreciate ideas of others
  • Facilitate compromise that can lead to group consensus

Demonstrate integrity and ethical behavior

  • Accept ownership for actions
  • Demonstrate trustworthiness and honesty
  • Make decisions based on important core values
  • Demonstrate mental, physical, and emotional preparedness to accomplish the task
    • Organize required materials in a readily accessible format.
    • Focus and become energized on the task objectives

Perform work without oversight

  • Assesses the situation and identify the priority/necessary actions to be taken
  • Understand the value of the task in relationship to greater goal
  • Understand that incomplete work-- even if excellent--is a failure
  • Model self-confidence
  • Know how to find and evaluate appropriate resources
  • Implement solutions
  • Demonstrate commitment to self/group/society

Use time efficiently to manage workload

  • Segment task into logical steps with appropriate estimates of time
  • Build a timeline to facilitate completion of the task
  • Prioritize steps in proper order

Assess one's own mastery of skills

  • Understand the task
  • Identify the depth and breadth of knowledge to be successful at a task
  • Identify and utilize appropriate measure of knowledge

Set and achieve high standards and goals

  • Understand incremental steps for acquiring goals
  • Create a written plan
  • Set realistic goals that match aptitudes
  • Engage in activities to improve skills that are relative to goals
  • Demonstrate core values
  • Constructively evaluate progress and takes corrective action when necessary

Engage in effective problem solving process

  • Transfer learning from one domain to another
  • Identify partners and resources germane to the situation
  • Evaluate and select the best resources in context of the problem, and allocates them appropriately
  • Identify root cause of problem
  • Detail a course of action in writing with sequence of steps involved
  • Implement a solution and makes adjustments when there is need/opportunity for improvement

Deliver quality job performance on time

  • Recognize and understand required standards needed for successful completion
  • Set goals and establish timelines to reach required standards
  • Establish assessment checkpoints throughout work processes
  • Identify quality control issues and makes needed adjustments to correct problems
  • Take initiative to see job completed without compromising quality
  • Reassess process on a regular basis to identify any opportunities for improvement
  • Demonstrate ethical behavior and works responsibly, reliably, and collaboratively with others

Demonstrate accountability for individual performance

  • Come to work regularly and is on time all of the time
  • Stay productive when on the job
  • Take initiative to help others when own work is completed
  • Accept responsibility for errors and corrects errors
  • Learn from mistakes
  • Follow through with work assignments
  • Demonstrate willingness to work overtime
  • Demonstrate flexibility to crosstrain

 

Financial Literacy

Financial literacy is closely connected to an individual’s emotional, personal, social, economic, and employment success. An individual needs to understand the basics of money management, and use financial resources appropriately to function well in society at a personal, professional, business and community level. In a broader sense, students need to identify and discuss significant economic issues, important to society and to the world. They should practice examining the consequences of change in economic conditions and public policies. (The enGauge 21st Century Skills, 2003)

As society changes, the skills needed to deal with the complexities of life also change. The meaning of skills like financial literacy may change to reflect context, or current realities. Financial literacy, however, is about empowerment, the ability “…to access, manage, integrate, evaluate, and create information in order to function in a knowledge society…” (ICT Literacy Panel, 2002)

The vision articulated by the Iowa Core Curriculum 21st Century Skills Committee states: Each student in Iowa’s schools will learn financial literacy concepts, enabling them to succeed in a complex global environment. The essential concepts and skill sets for financial literacy address the requirements outlined in Iowa legislation Senate File 2216. They also reflect broader, universal skills that cultivate critical thinking and responsible citizenship. They provide us the framework and knowledge to be proactive. When we accept responsibility for our actions because they have consequences for other people as well as for our personal success, we will also understand what it means to solve the problems and face the collective challenges of an increasingly diverse and interconnected world. (OECD, 2005*)

*The Definition and Selection of Key Competencies, or the DeSeCo, Project. Overview. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2005

Essential Concepts and/or Skills

Develop short- and long-term financial goals. 

  • Understand the concept of setting short-term (next six months) and long-term (beyond six months) goals.
  • Evaluate the role short- and long-term goals play in financial success. Assess the impact of goal setting on personal budgets
  • Describe the impact of goal setting on personal financial success.

Understand needs versus wants.

  • Explain the difference between needs and wants. Analyze their own needs and wants to determine importance (prioritize).
  • Develop plans to achieve their most important needs and wants.
  • Explore individual decisions made as a consumer and distinguish between fact and opinion in advertising.

Develop a realistic spending plan for financial independence

  • Understand the concept of developing a spending plan that promotes living within one's means.
  • Evaluate spending plans that promote maintaining a larger income than expenditures.
  • Develop and assess impact of different spending plans to make informed choices.
  • Describe the impact of global issues on financial planning.

Understand various sources of compensation.

  • Identify various types of income (e.g., allowances, salary, hourly wage, commission, benefits, gross and net income).
  • Compare various compensation options to determine which best fits individual needs.
  • Explain how income affects lifestyle and spending choices.

Understand financial instruments.

  • Students understand the responsibility f maintaining accounts using financial instruments such as checking accounts, debit cards, and ATM cards.
  • Demonstrate the ability to reconcile personal records with financial institution's records.
  • Differentiate between interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing accounts.

Recognize the impact of fees and charges.

  • Identify options for online financial transactions (buying, making payments, transfers, etc.).
  • Understand the distribution of resources.
  • Identify options for distributing resources.
  • Analyze short- and long-term benefits of different resource allocation opportunities.
  • Create a personal spending plan to include savings, spending, giving, and/or investing consistent with their financial goals.

Identify responsible credit card management.

  • Compare and contrast offers of credit card,instant loan, and introductory offers (low rate introductory, startup fees, fixed rate).
  • Explain credit card features, including annual fees, interest rates, and incentives.
  • Understand implications of making minimum payments, late payments, and late fees.

Understand different types of debt.

  • Understand the types of debt consumers encounter.
  • Compare loan terms and rates to determine best choice.
  • Identify the impact of loans on a personal financial plan, such as auto, student, credit card, major purchase.
  • Identify asset-producing debt versus living expense debt

Understand rights and responsibilities of borrowers.

  • Identify factors considered for qualifying for and securing a loan (i.e., what makes a person a good or bad credit risk).
  • Understand the meaning of a credit score and how it is used to negotiate better loan options. Identify the steps in checking their own credit score and making corrections if needed.
  • Explain the potential consequences for not meeting the requirements of the agreement (i.e., payment amount, due dates, insurance, taxes, etc.).
  • Explain an individual's rights and responsibilities under consumer protection laws.

Establish strategies for protection of identify.

  • Describe the importance of protecting their identity.
  • Distinguish legitimate from fraudulent solicitations.
  • Understand the impact of technology on personal security.
  • Identify important identification numbers and explain when they should or should not be shared.
  • Explain ways to protect their identity.

Recognize different types of insurance.

  • Explain different types of insurance and identify the appropriate need for each.
  • Determine appropriate options available to reduce the cost of premiums.

Recognize different types of noninsurance protection.

  • Explain the importance of legal and written documentation to protect individuals.
  • Identify types of documentation used by individuals to prevent personal and financial loss. Analyze the types of protection available and their appropriate use.

Recognize investment options.

  • Assess the many factors that influence financial planning. Explain the importance of savings.
  • Explain the impact of short- and long-term financial goals for asset building.
  • Outline the process of adjusting the financial plan to accommodate changes in funds.
  • Describe the importance of adjusting goals over a lifetime as well as preparing for retirement and estate planning

Distinguish investment options.

  • Distinguish between the various types of investment options.
  • Understand the power of compounding interest.

Understand the relationship between investment risk and return.

  • Identify the level of risk involved with investment options.
  • Explore the potential returns related to investment options.
  • Explain the concept of wealth building.

Recognize the local, state, national, and international impact of personal financial habits and actions.

  • Analyze he complexity of financial transactions as a member of the international community.
  • Evaluate the interconnectedness of the production of goods and services at the local to international levels.

Demonstrate responsible financial behaviors, at the personal, local, state, national, and international levels.

  • Manage personal and professional financial interactions following legal and ethical guidelines.
  • Respect the rights and responsibilities of others in financial interactions.
  • Practice responsible financial behaviors within an international financial environment.

 

Health Literacy

Health literacy, considered a 21st Century theme by the Partnership for 21st Century Skills, is, “the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions” (Nielsen-Bohlman, 2004). A health literate person is able to make appropriate decisions about their health as he or she progresses through life, as health care changes, and as societal norms change. The benefits of being health literate influence the full range of life’s activities—home, school, work, society and culture (Zarcadoolas, 2005).

Lack of physical activity and exercise, poor nutritional choices, increased violence, increased substance abuse and other high risk behaviors are serious threats to living a healthy, active life. The essential concepts and skill sets for health literacy provide a framework for building capacity among Iowa’s students to think critically about the decisions that affect health status for themselves, their families and their communities. Learning the concepts will form the knowledge base for the development of attitudes and habits of mind that will lead students to take responsibility for their personal health status. This proactive approach will have profound effects on families and society.

The essential concepts reflect the belief that children need to assess media messages at young ages and then develop critical evaluation skills as they intellectually, emotionally and socially mature (Zarcadoolas, 2005). Children must also take an active role in accessing and appropriately using information which affects their health (Nutbeam, 2000, St. Leger, 2001). Therefore, it is important to integrate the essential concepts and skill sets for health literacy across content areas, providing relevant contexts, problem based and service learning experiences. This will provide students opportunities to practice systemic thinking and problem solving processes that will lead to the creative solutions and proactive policies necessary to enhance health status in an interconnected, global society.

Essential Concepts and/or Skills

Use concepts related to health promotion and disease prevention.

  • Predict influence of risk and protective factors.
  • Describe the interrelationships of the wellness dimensions: physical, emotional, intellectual, environmental, social, and spiritual.
  • Use knowledge of impact of genetics/family history to make informed decisions.
  • Contribute to personal/family quality of life through proper prevention/management of health crises, i.e., injury, depression, chronic illness.
  • Evaluate the impact of health care access (cost, knowledge, insurance, transportation) on health status.
  • Describe how the prevention and control of health problems are influenced by research and medical advances.
  • Describe the historical impact of disease and other health problems on contemporary health practices.
  • Explain the impact of personal health behaviors on the functioning of body systems.
  • Explain how personal choices impact health maintenance and disease prevention.
  • Understand preventive physical and mental health measures, including proper diet, nutrition, exercise, risk avoidance and stress reduction.

Analyze influencing factors on health enhancing behaviors.

  • Explain how family, peers, cultural practices and attitudes influence health.
  • Evaluate the impact of media, technology, research and medical advances on health.
  • Understand impact of national and international public health and safety issues on personal and family health status.

Demonstrate communication skills to enhance health and increase safety.

  • Communicate effectively to enhance health of self and others.
  • Employ effective conflict management strategies. Utilize methods of obtaining help for self and offer assistance to others.
  • Demonstrate ways to communicate care, consideration, empathy, and respect for self and others.

Advocate for personal, family and community health.

  • Promote health messages to meet health needs of a target audience.
  • Influence and support others to make positive health choices.
  • Collaborate with others to improve family and community health.
  • Employ the effective communication methods to accurately express health information and ideas.
  • Engage in media and legislative advocacy efforts to promote positive health for self and others.
  • Advocate for healthy, violence-free behaviors by using knowledge of the dynamics of power and position

Demonstrate decision-making skills.

  • Evaluate healthy and unhealthy alternatives in decision-making.
  • Evaluate effectiveness of health-related decisions.
  • Employ ethical practices when making health-related decisions.
  • Use knowledge of relevant terminology, (i.e., deductible, co-pay, catastrophic, coverage) to ask questions and make decisions about health benefits.
  • Seek multiple perspectives when asking for assistance to make health-related decisions.
  • Consider immediate and long-term impact on individual, family, community and environment when making health-related decisions

Demonstrate goal-setting skills.

  • Evaluate health status and develop goals to enhance health.
  • Engage in an ongoing cycle of goal-setting, implementation, evaluation and readjustment to enhance health status.

Analyze the influence of family, peers, health professionals, culture, media, technology, and other health factors.

  • Employ appropriate responses to negative and positive health influences.
  • Analyze the role of public health policies in prevention and maintenance of school and community health.
  • Analyze how cultural diversity enriches and challenges health behaviors.
  • Analyze how information from the community, family and peers influences health.
  • Determine reliability, accuracy, dependability of health information sources.
  • Recognize and reject messages that could lead to bullying or violence.

Access valid information, products and services.

  • Evaluate factors that influence selection of health products and services.
  • Consider preferred provider status as well as other relevant insurance provisions and/or restrictions when accessing and choosing professional health services.

Achieve and maintain health-enhancing level of physical activity.

  • Assess and monitor current physical health to meet fitness goals.
  • Engage in activities to maintain appropriate levels of cardiovascular endurance, muscular, strength/flexibility, and body composition.

Practice preventive health behaviors.

  • Engage in appropriate stress-management strategies that enhance health.
  • Engage in behaviors that promote risk avoidance.
  • Identify factors that influence healthy eating.
  • Establish healthy eating behaviors.
  • Engage in behaviors that promote positive mental and emotional health for the individual, family and community.

 

Technology Literacy

Each Iowa student will be empowered with the technological knowledge and skills to learn effective and live productively.

This vision, developed by the Iowa Core Curriculum 21st Century Skills Committee, reflects the fact that Iowans in the 21st century live in a global environment marked by a high use of technology, giving citizens and workers the ability to collaborate and make individual contributions as never before. Iowa's students live in a media-suffused environment, marked by access to an abundance of information and rapidly changing technological tools useful for critical thinking and problem solving processes. Therefore, technological literacy supports preparation of students as global citizens capable of self-directed learning in preparation for an ever-changing world.

Regardless of current realities, literacy in any context is defined as the ability "...to access, manage, integrate, evaluate, and create information in order to function in a knowledge society..." (ICT Literacy Panel, 2002) "....When we teach only for facts ... (specifics)... rather than for how to go beyond facts, we teach students how to get out of date." (Sternberg, 2008) This statement is particularly significant when applied to technology literacy. The Iowa essential concepts for technology literacy reflect broad, universal processes and skills.

Although it is important that current technologies be integrated into all teachers' classroom practices and all students' experiences, it is also important to understand the broader implications of the transforming influence of technology on society. For example, creativity, innovation and systemic thinking are requirements for success in this environment. Technology is changing the way we think about and do our work. It has changed our relationships with information and given us access to resources, economic and professional, that were unimaginable just a few years ago

Technological advances also present societal challenges. It is essential that students have a deep understanding of technology literacy concepts in order to deal with technology's challenges and implications. It is also essential that educators partner with "...digital natives"..., teaching ways to mediate the challenges, and to realize the potential of technology literacy. (Palfrey and Gasser, 2008)

Essential Concepts and/or Skills

Demonstrate creative thinking, construct knowledge, and develop innovative products and processes using technology.

Use digital media and environments to communicate and work collaboratively, including at a distance, to support individual learning and contribute to the learning of others.

Apply digital tools to gather, evaluate, and use information.

Demonstrate critical thinking skillsusing appropriate tools and resources to plan and conduct research, manage projects, solve problems and make informed decisions.

Understand human, cultural, and societal issues related to technology and practice legal and ethical behavior.

Demonstrate a sound understanding of technology concepts, systems and operations.